Pediatric Sleep Apnea Surgery: Treatment Options for Children

Yes, surgery is a common and often effective treatment for children with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), particularly when the condition is caused by enlarged tonsils and adenoids. The primary and most frequently recommended surgical procedure is an adenotonsillectomy, which involves the removal of both the tonsils and adenoids. Medical experts consider this the first-line treatment for OSA in otherwise healthy children over two years of age, as it directly addresses the most common source of airway obstruction in this age group. The success rate for adenotonsillectomy in resolving sleep apnea in otherwise healthy, non-obese children is approximately 75%.

For children with more complex or persistent sleep apnea, other surgical options are available. These are typically considered when adenotonsillectomy is not sufficient or when the apnea is caused by other anatomical factors. These procedures include septoplasty to correct a deviated septum, distraction osteogenesis to surgically enlarge a small jaw, and, in very severe, life-threatening cases, a tracheostomy to create a direct airway in the neck. The decision to proceed with surgery, and the choice of procedure, is made after a thorough evaluation by a pediatric specialist, which may include a sleep study (polysomnogram) to determine the severity of the condition. Non-surgical options such as Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy or oral appliances may also be considered.

Doctors recommend considering surgery, especially for moderate to severe sleep apnea, to prevent potential long-term complications such as developmental delays, growth problems, and cardiovascular issues. Parents who notice symptoms of sleep apnea in their child, such as loud snoring, pauses in breathing during sleep, and daytime sleepiness, should consult a pediatrician. Following an adenotonsillectomy, recovery typically involves a few days of a soft diet and pain management with over-the-counter medications. More complex surgeries will have a longer and more involved recovery period. It is crucial for parents to follow the specific post-operative care instructions provided by their surgical team to ensure a smooth recovery.